SQL keywords are case insensitive. So the keyword SELECT and select will behave in the same way. Let’s look at some of the commonly used SQL keywords.
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AND : AND is an sql operator which is used for adding multiple condition. If the conditions are satisfied by a row. It will be part of the result set.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column1 = value1 AND column2 = value2;
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| Output |
On execution of this command, if column1 is equal to value1 and column2 is equal to value2 then only the row will be qualified for result set
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AS : AS is used for aliasing a column or table.
| Syntax | SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;
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| Output |
Execution of this command will provide the average of column_name.
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BETWEEN : BETWEEN is an operator which is used for defining a set. The value for range can be numeric, text and date.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
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| Output |
Execution of this command will give a result set bounded by value1 and value2.
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COUNT : COUNT is a function which provides the count of the row for a column. The column should be a not null column.
| Syntax | SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
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| Output |
On execution of this command, the result will contain the count of the rows for column_name.
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CREATE TABLE : This command is used to create table in the database. It allows to specify the name of the table along with the name a datatype of the column.
| Syntax | CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype);
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| Output |
Execution of this command will result in creation of table with name as table_name along with column1 and column2 as the columns of the table.
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DELETE : DELETE is the command which is used for removing rows from the table.
| Syntax | DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name = value;
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| Output |
On execution of this command the rows that will be selected based on the condition in the WHERE clause will be deleted.
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GROUP BY : GROUP BY is a clause in SQL that is only used with aggregate functions. It is used along with the SELECT statement to arrange identical data into groups.
| Syntax | SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name;
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| Output |
Execution of this order will result in grouping the result set based on the column_name.
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INNER JOIN : INNER JOIN will select records with matching values in two tables.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name FROM table_1
INNER JOIN table_2
ON table_1.column_name = table_2.column_name;
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| Output |
Above command will result in rows where both tables have matching values for column_name.
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INSERT : INSERT is used for adding a new row in the table.
| Syntax | INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3) VALUES (value1, 'value2', value3);
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| Output |
Execution of this command will result in addition of a new row with values corresponding to the columns.
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LIKE : LIKE is an operator which is used for specifying a pattern. This operator is used along with WHERE clause.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;
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| Output |
Output will the rows that will satisfy the like pattern.
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LIMIT : LIMIT is a clause which allows the restricting the result set rows to maximum number specified by the limit clause.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name FROM table_name LIMIT number;
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| Output |
The resultset will be limited by the number that is provided as part of the limit clause.
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MAX : MAX is a function that will return the max value from the column specified.
| Syntax | SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;
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| Output |
The output will the maximum value specified in the column column_name.
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MIN : MIN is a function that will return the min value from the column specified.
| Syntax | SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;
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| Output |
The output will the minimum value specified in the column column_name.
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OR : OR is the operator that is used for selecting the rows based on satisfaction of either condition in WHERE clause.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name = value1 OR column_name = value2;
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| Output |
Result set will contain rows where column_name value will be either value1 or value2.
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ORDER BY : ORDER BY is used for sorting of columns in ascending or descending order numerically or in alphabetical order.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC;
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| Output |
On execution of the command above we will get the result set in ascending order.
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LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN : These will combine rows from different tables even if the join condition is not met. Every row in the left/right table is returned in the result set, and if the join condition is not met, then NULL values are filled in the columns from the left/right table.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_1
LEFT JOIN table_2
ON table_1.column_name = table_2.column_name;
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| Output |
Execution of the command above will result in rows from the table_1 along with rows which satisfies the condition from table_2
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| Syntax | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_1
RIGHT JOIN table_2
ON table_1.column_name = table_2.column_name;
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| Output |
Execution of the command above will result in rows from the table_2 along with rows which satisfies the condition from table_1.
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ROUND : ROUND is a function that rounds of the number specified in the column based on the integer that is specified as part of the function.
| Syntax | SELECT ROUND(column_name, integer)
FROM table_name;
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| Output |
The output of the command will result in rounding up the number based on the integer that is provided as part of the function.
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SELECT : SELECT is used to fetch the data from the data base.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name FROM table_name
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| Output |
On execution of this command the result set will contain rows for column column_name.
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SELECT DISTINCT : SELECT DISTINCT is used for retrieving distinct values from the column that is specified.
| Syntax | SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;
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| Output |
On execution of the command above the result set will only contain the unique values from the column column_name.
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SUM : SUM is a function will provides the total value of a column which is numeric.
| Syntax | SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name;
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| Output |
Execution of this command will result in the total of all the row that are part of the column column_name
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UPDATE : UPDATE is used for updating values of a row of a table.
| Syntax | UPDATE table_name
SET some_column = some_value
WHERE some_column = some_value;
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| Output |
Execution of this command will result in updating the row that will satisfy the condition in the where clause.
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WHERE : WHERE is used for specifying the condition that should be satisfied for selecting the row to be part of the result set.
| Syntax | SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;
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| Output |
The output of this command will result in the rows that are satisfying the where clause.
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